= printf Example =

''Part of'' TutorialFundamentals

You should prefer using writef, but in case you want to use printf you should be aware of a few corner cases.
Here's the classic printf example (you have to import ''core.stdc.stdio'' to use printf):

{{{
#!d
import core.stdc.stdio;

void main()
{
    printf("Hello World\n");
}
}}}

Here's the equivalent code using writef:

{{{
#!d
import std.stdio;

void main()
{
    writef("Hello World\n");
}
}}}

When using the '''%s''' formatting token with printf you must be careful to use it with the embedded length qualifier: '''%.*s'''.  This is because the difference between C and D is that C strings are zero-terminated character arrays referenced by an address, but in D they are a dynamic array object which is really an eight-byte structure containing a length and pointer:

{{{
#!d
import core.stdc.stdio;

void main()
{
    string mystring = "hello";
    printf("%.*s\n", mystring);
    //~ printf("%s\n", mystring);  // <<-- This would fail in runtime.
}
}}}

The printf's '''%.*s''' will print until the length is reached or an embedded 0 is encountered, so D strings with embedded 0's will only print up to the first 0. 

When you absolutely must pass a string variable to a C function (such as printf, or maybe an external c function), you can use the '''std.string.toStringz''' function. However the string you pass to ''toStringz'' should not have an embedded zero, or you will have problems:

{{{
#!d
import core.stdc.stdio;
import std.string;

void main()
{
    string mystring = "hi\n";
    string oops = "I have an embedded \0, oops!";
    
    printf("%s", toStringz("Hello, world!\n"));
    printf("%s", toStringz(mystring));
    printf("%s", toStringz(oops));
}
}}}

Output:
{{{
Hello, world!
hi
I have an embedded
}}}